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Frequency Sweep
Frequency sweeping is similar to FM, but no modulating waveform is used. Instead, the instrument sets the output
frequency based on either a linear or logarithmic function, or a list of up to 128 user-specified frequencies. A linear
sweep changes the output frequency by a constant number of Hz per second, and a logarithmic sweep changes the
frequency by a constant number of decades per second. Logarithmic sweeps let you cover wide frequency ranges
where resolution at low frequencies could be lost with a linear sweep.
Frequency sweeps are characterized by a sweep time (during which the frequency changes smoothly from the start
frequency to the stop frequency), a hold time (during which the frequency stays at the stop frequency), and a return
time (during which the frequency returns smoothly and linearly to the start frequency). Trigger settings determine
when the next sweep begins.
Attributes of AC Signals
The most common AC signal is a sine wave. In fact, any periodic signal can be represented as the sum of different
sine waves. The magnitude of a sine wave is usually specified by its peak, peak-to-peak, or root mean-square (RMS)
value. All of these measures assume that the waveform has zero offset voltage.
A waveform's peak voltage is the maximum absolute value of all of its points. The peak-to-peak voltage is the
difference between the maximum and minimum. The RMS voltage equals the standard deviation of all waveform
points; it also represents the one-cycle average power in the signal, minus the power in any DC component of the
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Keysight EDU33210 Series User's Guide
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