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English
A gallstone or biliary calculus is a stone-like formation of variable composition and shape. It is the
result of a solution imbalance in the bile, causing cholesterol, bilirubin and calcium to precipitate and
form crystals. Gallstones may occur in the gallbladder and the various bile ducts. This model shows the
anatomy of the biliary system and its surroundings in half natural size and typical locations of
gallstones.
1
Liver (Hepar)
2
Left hepatic duct (Ductus hepaticus sinister)
3
Right hepatic duct (Ductus hepaticus dexter)
4
Common hepatic duct (Ductus hepaticus communis)
5
Gallbladder (Vesica biliaris)
6
Neck of gallbladder (Vesica biliaris, collum)
7
Body of gallbladder (Vesica biliaris, corpus)
8
Fundus of gallbladder (Vesica biliaris, fundus)
9
Mucosal fold (Vesica biliaris, plicae mucosae)
10
Spiral fold (Plica spiralis)
11
Cystic duct (Ductus cysticus)
12
Common bile duct (Ductus choledochus)
13
Major duodenal papilla, major caruncle of Vater (Duodenum, papilla major)
14
Duodenum (Duodenum)
15
Sphincter ampullae muscle (M. sphincter ampullae hepatopancreaticae)
16
Abdominal aorta (Aorta, pars abdominalis)
17
Portal vein of liver (V. portae hepatis)
18
Pancreatic duct (Ductus pancreaticus)
19
Pancreas (Pancreas)
20
Gallstone in the fundus area of the gallbladder
21
Gallstone in the area of the spiral valve
22
Wall area with acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall (cholecystitis)
23
Wall area following chronic inflammation of the gallbladder wall: scarred, contracted and
thickened
24
Gallstone in the area of the common bile duct
25
A stone obstructing the papillary opening to the small intestine.Consequently, drainage of the
common bile duct and the pancreatic duct is obstructed.
Gallstone Model
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