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Cells in parallel strings
Vented cells may be connected in parallel
to give higher current capability. In the
case of parallel connected strings use
batteries of the same capacity, design and
age only with a maximum of 4 parallel
strings. The resistance of the cables in
each string must be the same, e.g. same
cross-section, same length. Connect the
battery strings in parallel at the end
terminals.
Check that all contact surfaces are clean. If
required, clean with a brass brush. Tighten
the terminal screws, taking care to use the
correct torque loading (Tab. 1). To avoid
damage to the plastic materials, do not
use grease. Fit the covers supplied for
protection against inadvertent contact.
Make sure that all caps are closed.
Tab. 1: Torque loadings for terminal
screws
Cell type
TUBUL R
M10 - female
M12 - male
FL T PL TE
OP (M10 - female)
Vb single cell (M10 - female)
OGi
Carefully follow the polarity sequence to
avoid short circuiting cell groups. A loose
connector can make adjusting the charger
difficult, create erratic performance and
possible damage to the battery and/or
even personal injury.
Finally, with the charger switched off, the
battery fuses removed and the load
disconnected, connect the battery to the
D.C. power supply.
Ensure that the polarity is correct - positive
terminal of the battery to the positive
terminal of the charger. Switch on the
charger and charge according to the
commissioning charge paragraph below.
The first charge must be monitored to
ensure that the limits are not exceeded
and that no unacceptable temperatures
occur.
The electrolyte level on delivery can vary.
The final electrolyte level will be achieved
after the commissioning charge. Small
quantities (up to 3 mm) can be topped up
with distilled water.
COMMISSIONING CHARGE
When commissioning a new battery
supplied filled and charged (first charge),
follow procedure a) b) or c).
Procedures a) or b) are recommended.
a) IU method (boost charge):
At a raised voltage of 2.33 – 2.40V/cell. The
charging time will be 12 to 36 hours
depending
on
the
initial
conditions. The current must be limited to
4 x I10.
b) I method (boost charge):
With a constant current of 2.5-5 A/100 Ah
with a final charging voltage of 2.50-2.75
V/cell. The charging must be monitored.
The charging time can be 6 to 24 hours. If
the maximum temperature of +45°C is
exceeded, charging must be terminated,
continued at a reduced current, or
temporarily switched to float charging.
Boost charging must be immediately
switched off or switched to float charging
when the fully charged state is reached.
c) Float charge:
With the recommended float voltage
according to table 5. Full capacity will be
obtained after a longer period of 4 to 6
weeks depending on the state of charge.
The fully charged condition has been
achieved when, for a period of 2 hours, the
cell voltages do not continue to increase
and the charging current does not
continue to decrease. The nominal
specific gravity shall be achieved at the
Torque
end of charge (tolerance: ± 0.01).
(Nm)
For minimum end of charge voltages
using the constant current characteristic
24 ±1
see table 2.
18 ±1
Tab. 2: end of charge voltages
24 ±1
Charging current 25°C
24 ±1
0.50 x I
24 ±1
10
0.25 x I
10
For the commissioning charge of moist
charged cells, please refer to the specific
moist charged instructions.
STANDBY OPERATION/FLOAT
CHARGE
Float Voltage
The recommended float / charge voltage
is 2.23 V/cell or 2.25 V/cell per cell at 20°C
depending on the specific type (see table
5). The charger voltage amounts to Uflo
per cell x no. of cells (tolerance ± 1 %).
If the average battery temperature
exceeds the recommended operating
temperature range of +10°C to +30°C, the
float charge voltage shall be reduced by
(Tcell - 30) x 0.003V/ cell when the
temperature exceeds +30°C (but not less
than 2.18V/c) and shall be increased by (10
– Tcell) x 0.003V/cell when the temperature
is less +10°C.
Deviations of individual cell voltages of
–0.05 to +0.10 V/c may be observed.
However the total voltage of the battery
shall be within the limits stated above.
Charging Current
Limitation of the charging current is not
required under float charge condition.
At higher charge voltages up to 2.40 V/c
the charge current shall be limited to 4 x
I
.
10
charge
After reaching the gassing voltage of
2.40 V/c a current limit of 2.5 to 5 A/100 Ah
is recommended (see Table 3).
Tab. 3: Limits of charging current
Charging-
Process
Method
Method
(above 2.40 V/c)
Boost Charge
To reduce the recharge time the battery
may be recharged at 2.33 – 2.40 V/cell with
a current limited to 4 x I
must be switched to float charging when
the fully charged state is reached.
Ripple Current
In the standby operation mode the
effective value of the A.C. ripple current
must not exceed 5 A per 100 Ah C
otherwise reduced operational life must
be expected.
TEMPERATURE
The permissible operating temperature
range is -10°C to +45°C.
35°C
45°C
The recommended operating temperature
range is +10°C to +30°C. All technical data
2.65V/c 2.60V/c 2.55V/c
relates to the rated temperature of +20°C.
2.60V/c 2.55V/c 2.50V/c
Higher
operational life. Lower temperatures
reduce the available capacity.
Do not expose cells to direct sunlight.
Effect of temperature on capacity
If the battery operating temperature is
different from 20°C, a correcting factor is
to be applied to capacity value taking into
account discharge time.
Tab. 4: temperature correcting factors (ºC)
Discharge
time
5 to 59
minutes
1 to 24
hours
Example: A battery with a capacity of 200
Ah at 20°C for a 5 hour discharge will have
a capacity of 182 Ah when discharged at
10°C (200 x 0.91).
ELECTROLYTE
The electrolyte is diluted sulphuric acid.
The nominal S.G. of the electrolyte at 20°C
is as follows to table 5.
3
Max. Charge
Cell
Temperature
Current
Voltage
per 100 Ah
2.33 V/c
IU-
recommended
–
5A to 40A
2.40 V/c
I-
2.50 V/c
2.5 A to 5 A
to
2.75 V/c
. Boost charging
10
temperatures
reduce
-10
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0.36 0.60 0.71 0.81 0.91 1 1.05 1.08 1.10 1.12
0.66 0.80 0.86 0.91 0.96 1 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.08
Limits
+45°C
resp
-10°C
,
10
the
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