HERJDJLCNDJ GJ +RCGKEFNFWBB
Tckb chtlybq ,fcc cnfyjdbncz 1ievysv2 bkb gkj[j jgjpyfdftvsv9 nj ds
pfikb ckbirjv lfktrj b cktletn gjdthyenm rjynhjkm ghjnbd xfcjdjq cnhtkrb
lkz ljcnb;tybz yfbkexituj ,fkfycf7
GHBVTXFYBT6 Htuekbhjdrf ehjdyz cf,deathf cjplfyf lkz rjynhjkz
,fkfycf vt;le dfibv cf,deathjv b jcyjdysvb3cfntkkbnysvb
uhjvrjujdjhbntkzvb9 b tt yt cktletn bcgjkmpjdfnm d rfxtcndt pfvtybntkz lkz
rjynhjkz ,fcf bkb uhjvrjcnb yf dfitv ecbkbntkt bkb ghbtvybrt7 Yfcnhjqnt
ehjdtym cf,deathf yf yfb,jktt ukflre. ybpre. xfcnjne7 Tckb ytj,[jlbvj
,jkmit ,fcf nj gjdscmbt rjnyhjkb ,fcf b3bkb uhjvrjcnb yf dfitv jcyjdyjv
ecbkbntkt bkb ghbtvybrt7
CDJQCNDF CF<DEATHF7
Fdnj drk.xf.ofzcz3fdnj dsrk.xf.ofzcz cbcntvf7
Dfi cf,death cyf,;ty cgtwbfkmyjq "fdnj drk.xf.otq3fdnj dsrk.xf.otq"
cbcntvjq7 +nf cbcntvf fdnjvfnbxtcrb drk.xftn dfi cf,death9 rfr njkmrj jy
jgjpyftn ghjuhfvvysq cbuyfk7 +nf cbcntvf fdnjvfnbxtcrb dsrk.xftn
cf,death f ghtljghtltktyyjt dhtvz gjckt jrjyxfybz ghjuhfvvyjuj cbuyfkf7
Pfobnyfz cbcntvf "gjlhtpsdfybz" bvgekmcjd7
Yf hsyrt c,snf vyjubt cfvj[jlyst cf,deaths ghjbpdjlzn bcrf;tyyst pderb
d htpekmnfnt "gjlhtpsdfybz" bvgekmcjd yf ehjdyt d[jlyjuj cbuyfkf7 Pfobnyfz
cbcntvf gjlhtpsdfybz bvgekmcjd9 ghbyflkt;fofz ENERGY cf,deathe
gjcnjzyyj jgjpyftn d[jlyjq cbuyfk b fdnjvfnbxtcrb ghbcgjcf,kbdftncz r
ghtleght;ltyb. "gjlhtpsdfybz" ajhvs cbuyfkf9 cj[hfyzz ytbcrf;tyye.
htghjlerwb. ,fcf7
Cjtlbybntkb d[jlyjuj b ds[jlyjuj cbuyfkjd dscjrjuj
ehjdyz7
D[jlyst cbuyfks dscjrjuj ehjdyz gjpdjkz.n cjtlbybnm dfi cf,death c
ds[jlfvb uhjvrjujdjhbntkz k.,juj felbj3dbltj ghbtvybrf bkb ecbkbntkz7
Cv "Cjtlbytybt cf,deathf c dfitq felbj3dbltj cbcntvjq"7
RCA d[jlyst intgctkb ybprjuj ehjdyz7
Ldf RCA d[jlys[ intgctkz gjpdjkz.n cjtlbybnm cf,death c6 !8 vjyj
ds[jljv cf,deathf felbj3dbltj ghbtvybrf3ghjwtccjhf7 @8 ds[jljv cf,deathf
dytiytuj gtht[jlf7
GHBVTXFYBT6 Ghb bcgjkmpjdfybb dytiytuj gtht[jlzotuj d[jlf9 rjynhjkm
ehjyz cf,deathf b abkmnhjdjq rjynhjkm ybprjq ghj[jlbvjcnb yf pflytq
gfytkb cf,deathf blen j,[jlysv gentv b yt
djpltqcnde.n yf cf,death7
RCA ds[jlyst intgctkb ybprjuj ehjdyz7
Ds[jlyjq cbuyfk bp =nb[ intgctktq frnbdyj abkmnhetncz yb;t *) Uw 5!*
ltwb,tk3jrnfd87 Rjulf =nb intgctkb gjlrk.xf.ncz r jcyjdyjve
ecbkbntkmyjve d[jle cbcntvs 5bkb r jcyjdyjve d[jle lkz vyjub[ felbj3dbltj
ghbtvybrjd89 nj d htpekmnfnt =njuj ghjbc[jlbn edtkbxtyyfz lbyfvbrf
rjkt,fybq9 ,jktt ybprjt bcrf;tybt b ekexityyfz dctj,ofz cbcntvf
bcgjkytybz7 Cv7 "Gjlrk.xtybt cf,deathf r dfitq felbj3dbltj cbcntvt"7
JGTHBHE>OBT HTUEKBHJDRB
CF<DEATHF7
Htuekbhjdrf ehjdyz cf,deathf7
+nf dhfof.ofzcz htuekbhjdrf yfcnhfbdftn ds[jlyjq ehjdtym dfituj
ENERGY cf,deathf b tt cktletn bcgjkmpjdfnm lkz ehjdyjdtibdfybz ehjdyz
cf,deathf c ehjdytv dfib[ jcyjdys[3cfntkkbnys[ uhjvrjujdjhbntktq7 Cv7
"Ecnfyjdrf Rfkb,hjdrb"7
Abkmnhjdfz htuekbhjdrf ybprjq ghj[jlbvjcnb7
+nf dhfof.ofzcz htuekbhjdrf htuekbhetn dscjrj xfcnjnysq
cgfl cf,deathf7 Gjcnjzyyj bpvtyz.ofzcz jn %) Uw lj !)) Uw9 =nf htuekbhjdrf
bcgjkmpetncz lkz njxyjuj cjukfcjdfybz djcghjbpdtltybz ,fcf cf,deathf c
dfibvb jcyjdysvb3cfntkkbnysvb uhjvrjujdjhbntkzvb7 Cv7 "Ecnfyjdrf
Rfkb,hjdrb"7
FRECNBRF RJVYFNS B
HFCGJKJ:TYBT CF<DEATHF7
ENERGY cf,deaths vjuen ,snm hfcgjkj;tys d k.,jv vtcnt d dfitq
rjvyfnt ghjckeibdfybz9 yt dkbzz d pyfxbntkmyjq cntgtyb yf cnthtj j,hfp
dfib[ uhjvrjujdjhbntktq7 Jlyfrj dpfbvjltqcndbt k.,juj cf,deathf c
frecnbxtcrbvb [fhfrnthbcnbrfvb rjvyfns jrf;tn ytrjnjhjt djpltqcndbt yf
dctj,oe. cbcntve bcgjkytybz ,fcf7 Xntybt =njuj hfpltkf gjvj;tn dfv yfqnb
nfrjt vtcnjgjkj;tybt lkz cf,deathf d dfitq rjvyfnt9 rjnjhjt lfcn
yfbkexitt bcgjkytybt ,fcf7
DYBVFYBT6 ENERGY CF<DEATHS HFCGJKFUF>N
DCNHJTYYSV ECBKBNTKTV B LJK:YS BVTNM
CJJNDTNCNDE>OE> DTYNBKZWB> LKZ J{KF:LTYBZ7 YT
CNFDMNT CF<DEATH JRJKJ BCNJXYBRF NTGKF BKB D NFRJT
VTCNJ9 ULT DTYNBKZWBZ <ELTN <KJRBHJDFYF7
{jnz b yt nht,etncz bvtnm xbcnsq genm vt;le cf,deathjv b ckeif.otq
gjpbwbtq9 yj df;yj cj,k.lfnm hfccnjzybt d !) cv vt;le cf,deathjv b
cntyfvb bkb vt,tkm. d rjvyfnt7
J,sxyj ghtlgjxnbntkmyj9 xnj,s cjtlbybntkmyst rf,tkb ,skb
gjrjhjxt 5b[ ktuxt cghznfnm89 gj=njve xfcnj ,jktt ;tkfntkmyj hfcgjkj;bnm
cf,death jnyjcbntkmyj ,kbprj r dfitve felbj j,jheljdfyb.7
Dpfbvjltqcndbt vt;le frecnbrjq rjvyfns b k.,sv cf,deathjv ntcyj
cdzpfyj c tuj ,kbpjcnm. cj cntyfvb7 Nbgbxyj9 xnj vtcnjgjkj;tybt cf,deathf
ytgjchtlcndtyyj d euke bkb ,kbprj r euke dspjdtn cbkmysq ds[jl ,fcf7 F tuj
hfcgjkj;tybt dljkm cntys9 yj dlfkb jn eukf dspjdtn vtymit ds[jlf ,fcf7
Hfcgjkj;tybt cf,deathf lfkmit d rjvyfnt dspjdtn yfbvtymibq ds[jl ,fcf7
Cktletn nfr;t jnvtnbnm9 xnj eukjdjt hfcgjkj;tybt9 [jnz b dspsdftn
yfb,jkmibq ds[jl ,fcf9 xfcnj lftn ytzcysq bkb "ievysq" ,fc7 Gjcktlybt ldf
hfcgjkj;tybz lflen ,jktt frrehfnyjt bcgjkytybt ,fcf7
Vs yfcnfbdftv9 xnj,s ds ghj=rcgthbvtynbhjdfkb hfpyst vtcnjgjkj;tybz
cf,deathf d rjvyfnt ghjckeibdfybz9 xnj,s yfqnb gjpbwb.9 rjnjhfz
ghtljcnfdkztn "uke,jrjt b ukflrjt" bcgjkytybt7 Xfcnj gthtvtotybt
cf,deathf yf #)–^) cv vj;tn dspdfnm ,jkmijt frecnbxtcrjt ekexitybt7
Yt pf,sdfqnt bcgjkmpjdfnm pyfrjvst vepsrfkmyst pfgbcb c j,bkbtv
ybprjxfcnjnyjq byajhvfwbb9 rjulf =rcgthbvtynbhetnt hfpyst
vtcnjgjkj;tybz cf,deathf7
Hfcgjkj;tybt b cjtlbytybt dfib[ ≥Ntbr %÷
uhjvrjujdjhbntktq abhvs ENERGY
Gj;fkeqcnf cktleqnt yb;tgthtxbcktyysv erfpfybzv lkz yfbkexitq
=rcgkefnfwbb6
Bcgjkmpjdfybt ≥Ntbr @÷ d rfxtcndt ktdjuj b ghfdjuj
jcyjdys[ uhjvrjujdjhbntktq
Lkz kexituj cnthtj=aatrnf9 vs htrjvtyletv hfpvtcnbnm gfhe
uhjvrjujdjhbntktq yf hfccnjzybb ^–!) aenjd 5@–# vtnhf8 lheu jn lheuf7
Hfccnjzybt jn uhjvrjujdjhbntktq lj ckeifntkz ljk;yj ,snm ghb,kbpbntkmyj
hfdysv bkb d gjkenjhf hfpf ,jkmit hfccnjzybz9 jnltkz.otuj
uhjvrjujdjhbntkb7 Lkz cjtlbytybz b hfpvtotybz cv7 hbceyrb % b ^7
Ntbr ! uhjvrjujdjhbntkm wtynhfkmyjuj rfyfkf
Wtkm uhjvrjujdjhbntkz wtynhfkmyjuj rfyfkf d njv9 xnj,s j,tcgtxbnm
gjcnegktybt c =rhfyf wtynhfkmyjuj pderjdjuj j,hfpf9 drk.xfz ujkjcf frnthjd7
Lkz ljcnb;tybz yfbkexib[ htpekmnfnjd cktletn gjvtcnbnm uhjvrjujdjhbntkm
wtynhfkmyjuj rfyfkf ghzvj yfl bkb gjl ntkt=rhfyjv7 Cv7 hbceyrb % b ^ lkz
cjtlbytybz b hfcgjkj;tybz7
Bcgjkmpjdfybt ≥Ntbr @÷ d rfxtcndt uhjvrjujdjhbntktq
jrhe;f.ob[ =aatrnjd
Uhjvrjujdjhbntkb jrhe;f.ob[ =aatrnjd cktletn hfcgjkj;bnm nfr9 xnj,s
jyb ghbvsrfkb b yf[jlbkbcm yt yf ,jkmijv hfccnjzybb pf gthdjyfxfkmyjq
ckeif.otq j,kfcnm.9 yf pflytq cntyt bkb yf gjnjkrt9 xnj,s j,tcgtxbnm
xedcndj ghjcnhfycndf b jrhe;f.otq chtls lkz ≥Ljk,b Ghj-Kjl;br÷ bkb lkz
yjdjuj ≥Ljk,b Wbahjdjuj÷ ajhvfnjd jrhe;f.otuj bcnjxybrf7 Cv7 hbceyrb %
b ^ lkz cjtlbytybz b vtcnjgjkj;tybz7
Nht,jdfybz r ecbkbntk.
Uhjvrjujdjhbntkb abhvs ENERGY crjycnhebhjdfys nfr9 xnj,s ljcnbufkb
dscjrb[ ehjdytq ghjckeibdfybz c evthtyyjq vjoyjcnm.9 d nj dhtvz rfr jyb
cgjcj,ys cghfdbnmcz c ds[jlysv cbuyfkjv ,jkmib[ ecbkbntktq7 <jkmibycndj
uhjvrjujdjhbntktq abhvs ENERGY bvt.n yjvbyfkmysq bvgtlfyc d * jvv b
,elen [jhjij hf,jnfnm c hfpysvb dblfvb ecbkbntktq b ghbtvybrjd7
GHBVTXFYBT6 Ghb bcgjkmpjdfybb ,jkmit xtv jlyjq gfhs
uhjvrjujdjhbntktq yf ecbkbntkm bkb ghbtvybr9 gj;fkeqcnf ghjdthmnt c
bpujnjdbntktv ecbkbntktq9 xnj,s pyfnm njxyj9 xnj ecbkbntkm vj;tn
cghfdbnmcz c yfuheprjq d $ jvv7
E[jl pf gjdth[yjcnm.
Dfib uhjvrjujdjhbntkb cktletn dhtvz jn dhtvtyb jcnjhj;yj ghjnbhfnm
dkf;yjq nhzgrjq9 xnj,s elfkznm gskm bkb gznyf7 Yt bcgjkmpeqnt f,hfpbdysq
jxbcnbntkm7 Lkz elfktybz gskb c ctnrb yf uhjvrjujdjhbntkt bcgjkmpeqnt
yfltdf.oe.cz yf gsktcjc otnre bkb ckturf edkf;ytyye. vjxfkre7
JUHFYBXTYYFZ UFHFYNBZ RFXTCNDF7
Ufhfynbz pf ghtltkfvb CIF b Rfyfls7
Ufhfynbb rfxtcndf ghjlernf vjuen ,enm ktufkbpjdfys gj-hfpyjve d hfpys[
cnhfyf[7 Epyfqnt e dfituj vtcnyjuj futynf gj ghjlf;t j, juhfybxtyyjq
ufhfynbb rfxtcndf9 ghbvtybvjq r dfitq cnhfyt7
DF:YJ6 Gj;fkeqcnf cj[hfybnt rfhnjy b egfrjdjxysq vfnthbfk lkz Vbhf;
cf,deathf9 xnj,s pfobnbnm tuj d ckexft gthtghfdrb d wtynh gj cthdbce lkz
gjxbyrb7 Gthtghfdktyyfz rkbtynjv ghjlerwbz9 gjkextyyfz wtynhjv gj
cthdbce d gjdht;ltyyjv cjcnjzybb9 yt bvtz jhbubyfkmyjq egfrjdrb9 ,eltn
gjxbytyf9 ghbdtltyf d gjhzljr b ghfdbkmyj egfrjdfyf lkz jnghfdrb rkbtyne
pf tuj cxtn7
19