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The FDA shares regulatory responsibilities for wireless phones
with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). All
phones that are sold in the United States must comply with
FCC safety guidelines that limit RF exposure. The FCC relies
on the FDA and other health agencies for safety questions
about wireless phones.
The FCC also regulates the base stations that the wireless
phone networks rely upon. While these base stations operate
at higher power than do the wireless phones themselves, the
RF exposures that people get from these base stations are
typically thousands of times lower than those they can get
from wireless phones. Base stations are thus not the subject
of the safety questions discussed in this document.
3. What kinds of phones are the subject of this update?
The term "wireless phone"refers here to handheld wireless
phones with built-in antennas, often called "cell" , "mobile" , or
"PCS"phones. These types of wireless phones can expose the
user to measurable Radio Frequency (RF) energy because of
the short distance between the phone and the user's head.
These RF exposures are limited by FCC safety guidelines that
were developed with the advice of the FDA and other federal
health and safety agencies. When the phone is located at
greater distances from the user, the exposure to RF is
drastically lower because a person's RF exposure decreases
rapidly with increasing distance from the source. The so-called
"cordless phones, " which have a base unit connected to the
telephone wiring in a house, typically operate at far lower
power levels, and thus produce RF exposures far below the
FCC safety limits.
4. What are the results of the research done already?
The research done thus far has produced conflicting results,
and many studies have suffered from flaws in their research
methods. Animal experiments investigating the effects of
Radio Frequency (RF) energy exposures characteristic of
wireless phones have yielded conflicting results that often
cannot be repeated in other laboratories. A few animal
studies, however, have suggested that low levels of RF could
accelerate the development of cancer in laboratory animals.
However, many of the studies that showed increased tumor
development used animals that had been genetically
engineered or treated with cancer-causing chemicals so as to
be pre-disposed to develop cancer in the absence of RF
exposure. Other studies exposed the animals to RF for up to
22 hours per day. These conditions are not similar to the
conditions under which people use wireless phones, so we do
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