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3.3 - Component assembly and con-
nections
• STEP 1 – Optimal photovoltaic panel positioning
As a general rule, the panel must be positioned so that it can be
constantly illuminated by sunlight during the day and throughout the
year. This means that its horizontal position and vertical angle must
be calculated precisely on the basis of the location where it is to be
installed.
Therefore, after performing the checks specified in section 3.1-3.2,
and considering the various options for panel installation as shown in
fig. 1, proceed as follows:
- Ensure the correct position of the panel on the horizontal plane as
follows:
a) In the installation site, determine the cardinal points NORTH and
SOUTH, with the aid of a compass or a geographical map of the
location.
b) Then position the panel in the direction NORTH or SOUTH, ac-
cording to the following:
– if the installation site is in a country North of the equator (United
1
3
90°
90°
16
90°
90°
States; Europe; Russia; etc.) the panel must be positioned exactly
SOUTH;
– if the installation site is in a country South of the equator (Latin
America; Australia; Indonesia, etc.) the panel must be positioned ex-
actly NORTH.
For further information, refer to fig. 2.
- Ensure the correct position of the panel on the vertical plane as
follows:
Considering the fact that maximum efficiency of the panel is also
required in the winter period, i.e. when the daily hours of sunlight
are fewer than in the Summer, the panel should be positioned at an
angle that receives the sun rays at right angles (frontal) to the sensi-
tive surface.
This angle corresponds to the latitude of the location and can be
read on any commercial geographical map. For example, Madrid has
a latitude of 40°; Venice 45°; or London approx 50° etc. For further
information, refer to fig. 3.
2
W
S
N
E
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