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Physiological Skeleton
This unique skeleton was developed in order to
illustrate the supporting function of the mobile
skeletal system. Opposed to other skeletons, which
are primarily designed as visual models for the
study of anatomy, with this skeleton you can simu-
late the development of physiological movements.
You can both visually illustrate motions, showing
the interplay of the individual bones and joints,
and their behavior under pressure (pulling, pus-
hing, stretching). While doing so, one can "feel"
with the hands how the overall skeletal system
reacts to each of the movements and locate the
best possible points for the transfer of forces as
determined by the bony structures.
You can work with the skeleton while it is in either
an upright (hanging) or horizontal (lying) position.
Assembly
It is easiest to assemble the skeleton by placing all
the parts in front of you on the floor.
➣
Connect the 5 arms of the base to the center
section.
➣
Connect the two halves of the tripod rod to
one another and screw the tripod rod in the
center section of the base.
➣
Affix the skull by leading the rod emerging
from the spinal column through the hole in the
roof of the skull. If the rod appears to be too
short for assembly, you can bend the spinal
column slightly. First place the metal disc and
then the spring over this rod and affix both of
them with the knurled nut (= disc shaped nut).
Then screw the hanging device to the rod.
➣
Lay the skeleton (upper body with arms and
skull) in front of you on the floor. The legs are
attached using the connecting pins and
screws between the ala of the ilium and the
sacrum. The symphysis is affixed with another
connecting pin and screw. We recommend
that you do not tighten the screws until all of
the connecting pins are positioned.
➣
Now, with the hanging device, hang the
skeleton onto the hook of the tripod - finished.
English
Great value was put in the most realistic illustration
of movements possible during assembly of the
skeleton. In the following we would like to briefly
point out the most important features:
The Skull
The skull of the model is made up of three parts.
The skull roof can be removed to view the inner
skull structure. The lower jaw is movable. A spiral
spring in the hanging device above the roof of the
skull facilitates good mobility in the area of the
cervical spine when the head is bent forward
while the skeleton is in a horizontal position.
The Spinal Column
The spinal column is flexibly assembled and shown
with its natural curvature. Physiological exercises
can be carried out very well in the horizontal posi-
tion.
The Thorax
The sternum and the rib ends are made of an
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elastic material and stabilized by a spring so that
movements in the thoracic area can be illustrated.
The Shoulder Joint
The upper arm and shoulder blade are realistically
connected to one another. When the arm is raised
above the horizontal, the movement is transferred
realistically to the shoulder blade.
In order to ensure stability in the shoulder girdle
(cf. during transport of the model), the shoulder
blade is attached to the thorax with a screw. This
screw can be loosened in order to ease the transfer
of movement.
The Forearm
The connection in the elbow joint makes realistic
flexion and extension possible as well as good
transfer of force between the upper and lower
arm. The rotating movement of the forearm between
the ulna and radial (pronation and supination) are
also possible.
The Hands
Since the assembly of the hand is relatively fixed
in order to achieve stability, movement of the
carpalia (wrist bone) is limited. Flexion of the
fingers and thumb opposition can be easily simu-
lated.
Physiological Skeleton
English
The Hip Joint
The condyle of the femur and the socket of the hip
bone are connected realistically making movement
of the thigh possible in all physiological directions
including rotation around the vertical axis. The
transfer of force and movement from the leg to the
hip and spinal column is also easily recognizable.
The Knee
The lower leg can be flexed and extended.
Outward and inward rotations are easily possible
within their natural limits.
The Foot
Both the tarsal bones and the bones of the indivi-
dual phalanges are connected to one another
elastically and facilitate good mobility in all of the
joints.
Repair kit
In case a screw is lost, a rubber band breaks from
excessive pressure or a spring gives way, spare
parts are contained in the enclosed repair kit.
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