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SPA WATER CHEMISTRY AND BALANCE
Free Chlorine
pH
Total Alkalinity (TA)
Calcium Hardness (CaCO
Saturation Index (SI)
Water Temperature
Free chlorine: is the chlorine residual present in the spa water.
Result if too low – Inadequate level of disinfection.
Result if too high – cause odor problem, skin & eye irritation, corroded metals and other materials.
pH: a value that indicates how acidic or basic the spa water is.
Result if too low – Corroded metals, eye & skin irritation, and destruction of total alkalinity.
Result if too high – Scale formation, cloudy water, shorter fi lter/heater runs, eye & skin irritation, poor chlorine
effi ciency.
Total Alkalinity (TA): indicates the degree of the water's resistance to pH change. It determines the speed
and ease of pH change, so always adjust total alkalinity before adjusting the pH level.
Result if too low – Corroded metals, eye & skin irritation. Low alkalinity will cause the pH to be unstable.
Result if too high – Scale formation, cloudy water, shorter fi lter/heater runs, eye & skin irritation, high chlorine
demand.
Calcium Hardness (CaCO
3
Result if too low – Diffi culty balancing water, corrosion of metal components, eye & skin irritation and water
foaming.
Result if too high – Scale formation, cloudy water, eye & skin irritation, diffi culty balancing water and fi lter/
heater ineffi ciency.
Saturation Index (SI): temperature, calcium hardness concentration, total alkalinity and pH represent the
main factors infl uencing scale formation. The tendency of water to either form scale or corrode is indicated by
the Saturation Index (SI):
*Where: TF = Temperature Factor; CF = Calcium Hardness Factor; AF = Total Alkalinity Factor
Water Temperature
(ºC)
8
12
16
19
24
29
34
40
--
Test the water pH, Temperature, Calcium Hardness and Total Alkalinity levels. Use the equivalent Factors in
the SI equation.
SI = 0, Balance
If SI > 0, Scaling or cloudy water condition.
If SI < 0, Corrosive to metals or eye & skin irritating condition.
The SI is considered satisfactory if the value is within -0.3 to +0.3 range. Zero being perfect.
S AVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
Preferred Water Chemistry Reading
Minimum
2 ppm
7.2
60 ppm
100 ppm
)
3
–0.3
20ºC / 68ºF
): refers to the amount of calcium and magnesium dissolved in the water.
SI = pH+TF+CF+AF-12.1
Calcium
TF
Hardness (ppm)
(ºF)
46
0.2
75
54
0.3
100
61
0.4
150
66
0.5
200
75
0.6
250
84
0.7
300
93
0.8
400
104
0.9
500
--
--
1000
(347PO) SPA ENGLISH 7.5" X 10.3" PANTONE 295U 07/11/2019
Ideal
2 - 4 ppm
7.2 - 7.6
80 ppm
150–250 ppm
0
20–40ºC / 68–104ºF
Total
CF
Alkalinity (ppm)
1.5
50
1.6
75
1.8
100
1.9
150
2.0
200
2.1
300
2.2
400
2.3
--
2.6
--
347
English
PO
Maximum
5 ppm
7.8
120 ppm
350 ppm
+0.3
40ºC / 104ºF
AF
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.6
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