Mppt Four Charging Stage - inti CEDRO+ Serie Manual De Usuario

Higher solar input voltage results in lower solar input current for a given input power. High voltage solar input strings allow for smaller gauge solar
wiring. This is especially helpful and economical for systems with long wiring runs between the controller and the solar array.
An Advantage Over Traditional Controllers
Traditional PWM controllers connect the solar module directly to the battery when recharging. This requires that the solar module operates in a
voltage range that is usually below the module's Vmp. In a 12 Volt system for example, the battery voltage may range from 10.8-15 Vdc, but the
module's Vmp is typically around 16 or 17V.
Because traditional controllers do not always operate at the Vmp of the solar array, energy is wasted that could otherwise be used to charge the
battery and power system loads. The greater the difference between battery voltage and the Vmp of the module, the more energy is wasted.
In the above graph it can be distinguished the maximum power that a solar module can generate, and the amount of Energy wasted while not using
MPPT controllers.
Conditions That Limit the Effectiveness of MPPT
The Vmp of a solar module decreases as the temperature of the module increases. In very hot weather, the Vmp may be close or even less than
battery voltage. In this situation, there will be very little or no MPPT gain compared to traditional controllers. However, systems with modules of
higher nominal voltage than the battery bank will always have an array Vmp greater than battery voltage.

MPPT FOUR CHARGING STAGE

MPPT charge
In this stage, the battery voltage has not yet reached boost
voltage and 100% of available solar power is used to
recharge the battery.
Boost charge
When the battery has recharged to the boost voltage setpoint,
constant-voltage regulation is used to prevent heating and
excessive battery gassing. The Boost stage remains 120
minutes and then goes to Float Charge. Every time when the
controller is powered on, if it detects neither over discharged
nor overvoltage, the charging will enter boost charging stage.
Float charge
After the Boost voltage stage, the controller will reduce the battery voltage to Float voltage setpoint. When the battery is fully recharged, there will
be no more chemical reactions and all the charge current transmits into heat and gas at this time. Then the controller reduces the voltage to the
floating stage, charging with a smaller voltage and current. It will reduce the temperature of battery and prevent the gassing, also charging the
battery slightly at the same time. The purpose of Float stage is to offset the power consumption caused by self-consumption and small loads in
the whole system, while maintaining full battery storage capacity. In Float stage, loads can continue to draw power from the battery. If the system
load(s) exceed the solar charge current, the system will continue charging as MPPT.
Equalization charge
Certain types of batteries benefit from periodic equalizing charge, which can stir the electrolyte, balance battery voltage and complete chemical
reaction. Equalizing charge increases the battery voltage, higher than the standard complement voltage, which gasifies the battery electrolyte. If
it detects that the battery is being over discharged, the solar controller will automatically turn the battery to equalization charging stage, and the
equalization charging will be 120mins. Equalizing charge and boost charge are not carried out constantly in a full charge process to avoid too much
gas precipitation or overheating of battery.
WARNING: RISK OF EXPLOSION!
Equalizing flooded battery can produce explosive gases, so well ventilation of battery box is necessary.
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