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General recommendations for firing
Table 2: General firing recommendations – Duceram® Kiss
Oxide firing
Biological
Neutral paste
alloy program
Paste opaque
Powder opaque
Conventional
Paste op. 1+ 2
alloys
Powder op. 1+ 2
Margin 1
No long-term
Margin 2
cooling.
Dentine 1
kühlung
Dentine 2
Example:
Glaze
Degudent Kiss
Correction
Final Shoulder
Long-term
Dentine 1
cooling from a
Dentine 2
CTE 14,6 µm/m·K
Glaze
Table 3: Firing recommendations for non-precious alloys – Duceram® Kiss
Firing
Pre-heating
°C
Oxide firing
Bonder (powder/paste)
575
Paste opaque
575
Powder opaque
575
Margin 1+ 2
575
Dentine 1
575
Dentine 2
575
Glaze
575
Correction
575
(Final Kiss)
Final Shoulder
450
The tempering phase must be omitted for all non-precious alloys with a CTE value of 14.2 µm/m·K
(25–600 °C) or less. Stress relief cooling down to base temperature should be performed independent of
the CTE value. Please also follow the alloy manufacturers' recommendations. To compensate for the low
thermal conductivity of non-precious alloys, it is recommended to increase the firing temperature or to
extend the firing time for all bridges spanning more than five units.
The values indicated here are recommended values and serve only as a clue. Deviations of the burning results
are possible. The burning results depend on the respective output per oven and are due to the manufacturer
and to age. Therefore the recommended values must be individually adapted at each burning. We recommend
a test burning to control the oven. All indications have been carefully elaborated and tested by us, but they are
passed on without any guarantee.
Pre-heating
Drying time
Heating Rate
°C
min
For details, please refer to the processing instructions for the respective alloys.
575
7:00
575
7:00
575
5:00
575
7:00
575
5:00
575
7:00
575
7:00
575
6:00
575
4:00
575
3:00
575
4:00
450
4:00
575
6:00
575
4:00
575
3:00
Drying time
Heating rate
Final temperature
min
°C/min
For details, please refer to the processing instructions for the respective non-precious alloys.
7:00
55
7:00
55
5:00
55
7:00
55
6:00
55
4:00
55
3:00
55
4:00
55
4:00
55
Final temperature
Holding time
°C/min
°C
min
55
900
3:00
55
900
3:00
55
900
3:00
55
930
2:00
55
930
2:00
55
920
1:00
55
920
1:00
55
910
1:00
55
900
1:00
55
890
1:00
55
880
1:00
55
660
1:00
55
910
1:00
55
900
1:00
55
890
1:00
Holding time
Vacuum
°C
min
hPa
980
2:00
950
2:00
950
2:00
930
1:00
920
1:00
910
1:00
890
1:00
880
1:00
660
1:00
Vacuum
Tempering
hPa
50
–
50
–
50
–
50
–
50
–
50
–
50
–
50
–
50
–
–
–
50
–
50
–
50
3 min/850 °C
50
3 min/850 °C
–
3 min/850 °C
Tempering
Long-time
cooling
50
–
–
50
–
–
50
–
–
50
–
–
50
3 min/850 °C
up to 600 °C
50
3 min/850 °C
up to 600 °C
–
3 min/850 °C
up to 600 °C
50
3 min/850 °C
up to 600 °C
50
–
–
5
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