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One of the most common types of arc welding is manual metal arc welding (MMA) or stick welding. An
electric current is used to strike an arc between the base material and a consumable electrode rod or
'stick' . The electrode rod is made of a material that is compatible with the base material being welded
and is covered with a ux that gives o gaseous vapours that serve as a shielding gas and providing a
layer of slag, both of which protect the weld area from atmospheric contamination. The electrode core
itself acts as ller material the residue from the ux that forms slag covering over the weld metal must
be chipped away after welding.
Core wire
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Fuente de alimentación
Flux coating
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Gas shield from ux melt
Arc whit core wire melt
Flux residue forms slag cover
Weld metal
Work piece
The arc is initiated by momentarily touching the electrode to the base metal.
- The heat of the arc melts the surface of the base metal to form a molten pool at the end of the
electrode.
- The melted electrode metal is transferred across the arc into the molten pool and becomes the
deposited weld metal.
- The deposit is covered and protected by a slag which comes from the electrode coating.
- The arc and the immediate area are enveloped by an atmosphere of protective gas.
Manual metal arc ( stick) electrodes have a solid metal wire core and a ux coating. These electrodes
are identi ed by the wire diameter and by a series of letters and numbers. The letters and numbers
identify the metal alloy and the intended use of the electrode.
The Metal Wire Core works as conductor of the current that maintains the arc. The core wire melts and
is deposited into the welding pool.
The covering on a shielded metal arc welding electrode is called Flux.
The ux on the electrode performs many diferent functions.
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