1l\WHWW\ LOPRLWXV
.HKlMRKGLQ RQ OLLDQ OlKHOOl UHXQDD
1XUPLNRQ NDOWHYXXV RQ OLLDQ VXXUL
5RERPRZ HL RQQLVWX NllQW\PllQ SDLNRLOODDQ
$OXHHQ
UHXQDVVD MD DLKHXWWDD UXRKRQOHLNNXULQ
\OLWWlPLQHQ
OXLVNDKWDPLVHQ XORV DOXHHOWD
5RERPRZ RQ OXLVNDKWDQXW XORV NHKlMRKGRQ VLOPX
NDVWD NDOWHYDQ DOXHHQ WDL PlUlQ UXRKRQ YXRNVL
.l\WW|ODLWH
.l\WW|PRRWWRULW RYDW WRLPLQHHQ UDVNDDQ
\OLNXXPHQWXQXW
NXRUPLWXNVHQ DODLVLQD OLLDQ SLWNllQ
MllKG\WHWllQ
(WXS\|Ul RQ OlKWHQ\W PDDVWD OLLDQ SLWNlNVL
(WXS\|UlQ
DLNDD WRLPLQQDQ DLNDQD
RQJHOPD
.DKYDD RQ QRVWHWWX WRLPLQQDQ Nl\QQLVWlPLVWl
.DKYD QRVWHWWX
\ULWHWWlHVVl
3DLQLNHWWD
<KWl Nl\WW|SDQHHOLQ SDLQLNNHLVWD SDLQHWDDQ
MDWNXYDVWL
SDLQHWWX
3DLQLNNHHW OXNLWWX
/DSVLOXNNRWRLPLQWR RQ DNWLYRLWX
/HLNNXUL
/HLNNXXPRRWWRUL RQ W\|VNHQQHOO\W UDVNDDQ
\OLNXXPHQWXQXW
NXRUPDQ DODLVHQD OLLDQ NDXDQ
MllKG\WHWllQ
3RZHU %R[LD NHKlN\WNLQWl HL ROH N\WNHWW\
SllOOH WDL VLWl HL ROH OLLWHWW\ OHLNDWWDYDNVL DLRWWXXQ
Y\|K\NNHHVHHQ
(L MRKGLQVLJQDDOLD
.HKlMRKGLQWD HL ROH OLLWHWW\ WXNLDVHPDDQ
NHKlN\WNLPHHQ
.HKlMRKGLQ RQ NDWNDLVWX
7RLPLQWR YLLYlVW\\ NXQ 5RERPRZ KDYDLWVHH
VDGHWWD DLNDWDXOXQ PXNDLVHQD DMDQNRKWDQD
6DGH KDYDLWWX
MROORLQ VHQ WXOLVL Nl\QQLVWll DXWRPDDWWLWRLPLQWR
WXNLDVHPDOWD
6XXULQ VDOOLWWX Nl\WW|DLND RQ VDDYXWHWWX
Ql\WHWllQ HLWXNLDVHPDY\|K\NNHHVVl
/DWDD DNNX
5XRKRQOHLNNXUL HWVLL WXNLDVHPDD PXWWD DNXQ MlQ
QLWH RQ OLLDQ DOKDLQHQ KDNXSURVHVVLQ MDWNDPLVHNVL
92
0DKGROOLQHQ V\\WDSDKWXPD
.RUMDDYDNl\WWlMlQ WRLPHQSLGH
3RLVWD MRKGLQ QXUPLNRQ VLVlSXROWD NRKWL
bOl VLVlOO\Wl DOXHHVHHQ HULWWlLQ M\UNNLl ULQWHLWl
7l\Wl PDDVVD ROHYDW NXRSDW MD RQNDORW
3LHQHQQl OHLNNXXNRUNHXWWD
(L WDUYLWVH WHKGl PLWllQ
5RERPRZ MDWNDD WRLPLQWDDQVD DXWRPDDWWLVHVWL KHWL
NXQ Nl\WW|PRRWWRUL MllKW\\
-RV 5RERPRZ RQ W|UPlQQ\W HVWHHVHHQ MRND RQ
QRVWDQXW HWXSllWl
3RLVWD WDL UDMDD NRKGH SRLV OHLNNXXDOXHHOWD
-RV 5RERPRZWD Nl\WHWllQ ULQWHHVVl MRND RQ OLLDQ M\UNNl
WXUYDOOLVHHQ UXRKRQOHLNNXXVHHQ
5DMDD WlPl SRLV UXRKRQOHLNNXXDOXHHOWD
-RV NRUNHD UXRKR HVWll HWXS\|Ull RVXPDVWD NRNRQDDQ
PDDKDQ
1RVWD OHLNNXXNRUNHXWWD
-RV PDDVVD RQ VXXULD NRORMD WDL NXRSSLD MRLKLQ HWXS\|Ul
YRL SXGRWD QLLGHQ \OL DMHWWDHVVD
7l\Wl QlPl DOXHHW PXOODOOD MD WDVRLWD QH
3DLQD NDQWRNDKYD WDNDLVLQ DVHQWRRQVD DXWRPDDWWLVHQ
WRLPLQQDQ VDOOLPLVHNVL
3DLQD
YDKYLVWDDNVHVL YLHVWLQ MD MDWNDDNVHVL Nl\WW|l
7lPl YLHVWL Ql\WHWllQ DLQRDVWDDQ WLHGRNVL
3DLQD SDLQLNHWWD
/DSVLOXNNR YRLGDDQ RWWDD Nl\W|VWl $VHWXNVHWYDOLNRVVD
(L WDUYHWWD WRLPHQSLWHLVLLQ ± 5RERPRZ MDWNDD
DXWRPDDWWLVHVWL WRLPLQWDD NXQ OHLNNXXPRRWWRUL MllKW\\
9DUPLVWD HWWl WXNLDVHPD RQ OLLWHWW\ YLUUDQV\|WW||Q
,UURWD 3RZHU %R[ YLUUDQV\|W|VWl MD OLLWl XXGHOOHHQ
VHNXQQLQ NXOXWWXD
7DUNDVWD HWWl NHKlN\WNLQ RQ OLLWHWW\ RLNHDDQ
Y\|K\NNHHVHHQ MD N\WNHWW\ SllOOH
7DUNDVWD NHKlMRKWLPHQ \KWH\V WXNLDVHPDDQ
NHKlN\WNLPHHQ
7DUNDVWD NHKlMRKGLQ NDWNRVWHQ YDUDOWD
(L WDUYHWWD WRLPHQSLWHLVLLQ
9LHVWL QlN\\ NXQQHV 5RERPRZ HL HQll KDYDLWVH VDGHWWD
MD OlKWHH OLLNNHHOOH
/LLWl ODWXUL UXRKRQOHLNNXULLQ WDL DVHWD UXRKRQOHLNNXUL
WXNLDVHPDDQ ODWDXVWD YDUWHQ
$MD UXRKRQOHLNNXUL PDQXDDOLVHVWL NDXNRVllWLPHQ DYXOOD
WDL NDQQD VH NlVLQ ODWDXVWD YDUWHQ WXNLDVHPDDQ
9LDQHWVLQWl
MD SDLQD VLWWHQ SDLQLNHWWD
¿