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Peak E Pressure Gradient (E PG)
2
E PG = 4 * PE
Peak A Pressure Gradient (A PG)
2
A PG = 4 * PA
Peak Pressure Gradient (PGmax)
2
PGmax = 4 * PV
Mean Pressure Gradient (PGmean)
Echocardiographic Assessment of Valve Stenosis: EAE/ASE Recommendations for Clinical Practice Journal
of American Society of Echocardiography, (January, 2009), 4-5.
2
PG mean = sum(4v )/N
where:
v =peak velocity at interval n
N = the number of intervals in the Riemann sum
Qp/Qs
Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Boston: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams
and Wilkins, (2007), p.70-72.
Qp/Qs = SV Qp site/SV Qs site = RVOT SV/LVOT SV
where:
RVOT SV = RVOT CSA* RVOT VTI = π/4 * RVOT diameter
LVOT SV = LVOT CSA * LVOT VTI = π/4 * LVOT diameter
Stroke Volume (SV) Doppler in ml
Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Boston: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams
and Wilkins, (2007), p.69-71.
SV = (CSA * VTI)
where:
CSA = Cross Sectional Area of the orifice (LVOT area)
VTI = Velocity Time Integral of the LVOT
Measurement references
* RVOT VTI
2
* LVOT VTI
2
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