12 - Foot. This is the innermost layer of the tread in
contact with the belt, or if the latter is not present
(conventional tyre) with the last casing ply.
13 - Shoulder The outermost part of the tread, located
between the corner and the beginning of the sidewall.
14 - Bead. This is the part joining the tyre to the rim.
The bead point (a) is the inner corner. The spur (b)
is the outer part of the bead. The base (c) is the
area resting against the rim. The groove (d) is the
concave part against which the rim shoulder rests.
Tube type tyres. As a tyre has to contain pressurised
air for a fairly long time, an air chamber is used. The
valve for adding air and maintaining, controlling
and restoring air pressure is part of the chamber
in this case.
Tubeless tyres. Tubeless tyres consist of a tyre with
inner sidewall lined with a thin layer of special
impermeable rubber, called liner. This liner helps
to maintain air pressure in the casing. This kind of
tyre must be mounted on a specifi c rim, to which
the valve is directly fi xed.
II - Rim (Wheel). The wheel is the rigid metal part
which connects the vehicle hub to the tyre, on a
fi xed but non-permanent basis.
Rim profi le. The rim profi le is the form of the section in
contact with the tyre. It comprises different geomet-
ric forms, which ensure: easy tyre mounting (bead
insertion in the rim well); safe driving, in terms of
the bead anchored in its seat.
The rim section shows its various parts: a) rim width
– b) shoulder height – c) tubeless anchoring (HUMP)
– d) valve hole – e) ventilation opening – f) off set –
g) central hole diameter – h) attachment hole centre
to centre i) keying diameter – j) rim well.
User manual S 1000
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c
b
d
e
g h
f
j
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